SELECT All
Retrieve all columns from a table
SELECT * FROM table_name;
SELECT Specific Columns
Retrieve specific columns
SELECT col1, col2 FROM table_name;
WHERE Clause
Filter results based on condition
SELECT * FROM table_name WHERE col1 = "value";
AND / OR
Multiple conditions
SELECT * FROM table_name WHERE col1 = "val1" AND col2 = "val2";
LIKE
Pattern matching
SELECT * FROM table_name WHERE col1 LIKE "pattern%";
IN
Match multiple values
SELECT * FROM table_name WHERE col1 IN ("val1", "val2");
BETWEEN
Range filtering
SELECT * FROM table_name WHERE col1 BETWEEN 10 AND 20;
ORDER BY
Sort results
SELECT * FROM table_name ORDER BY col1 ASC;
LIMIT
Limit number of results
SELECT * FROM table_name LIMIT 10;
COUNT
Count rows
SELECT COUNT(*) FROM table_name;
SUM
Sum column values
SELECT SUM(col1) FROM table_name;
AVG
Average of column values
SELECT AVG(col1) FROM table_name;
MAX / MIN
Maximum or minimum value
SELECT MAX(col1), MIN(col1) FROM table_name;
GROUP BY
Group rows by column
SELECT col1, COUNT(*) FROM table_name GROUP BY col1;
HAVING
Filter groups
SELECT col1, COUNT(*) FROM table_name GROUP BY col1 HAVING COUNT(*) > 5;
DISTINCT
Remove duplicates
SELECT DISTINCT col1 FROM table_name;
INNER JOIN
Join matching rows from two tables
SELECT * FROM t1 INNER JOIN t2 ON t1.id = t2.id;
LEFT JOIN
Join with all rows from left table
SELECT * FROM t1 LEFT JOIN t2 ON t1.id = t2.id;
INSERT
Insert new row
INSERT INTO table_name (col1, col2) VALUES ("val1", "val2");
UPDATE
Update existing rows
UPDATE table_name SET col1 = "value" WHERE id = 1;
DELETE
Delete rows
DELETE FROM table_name WHERE id = 1;
CREATE TABLE
Create new table
CREATE TABLE table_name (id INT PRIMARY KEY, name VARCHAR(100));
ALTER TABLE
Modify table structure
ALTER TABLE table_name ADD COLUMN email VARCHAR(100);
DROP TABLE
Delete entire table
DROP TABLE table_name;